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Understanding the Temporal Filler Technique

The Temporal Filler Technique is a communication strategy used to manage and overcome stuttering, particularly during conversations where there’s an emphasis on timing and sequencing, such as in phone calls, meetings, or presentations.

In essence, the Temporal Filler is a linguistic device that allows speakers with stuttering to temporarily fill a pause in speech, thereby buying time to regain composure, find words, or reorganize their thoughts.

A Temporal Filler is typically a brief, filler-like word or phrase used to create a temporary silence, which the speaker can then use as an opportunity to recover and continue speaking. The most common examples of Temporal Fillers in English include:

• Uh
• Aah
• Oh
• Eh
• You know
• Like
• I mean
• Right

Temporal Fillers can serve several purposes:

1. Pause management: Temporal Fillers allow speakers to temporarily pause in speech, giving them time to gather their thoughts or choose the right words.
2. Speech fluency: By using a filler word, the speaker can create a brief moment of silence, making it easier for themselves to continue speaking without feeling self-conscious about stuttering.
3. Emotional regulation: Temporal Fillers can help speakers regulate their emotions and manage anxiety or frustration that might contribute to stuttering.

Using the Temporal Filler Technique effectively requires practice and awareness of its applications. When done correctly, it can be a powerful tool for managing stuttering in everyday conversations, reducing anxiety, and increasing overall communication confidence.

However, using Temporal Fillers without intention or awareness can lead to overuse, negatively impacting speech fluency and credibility. Therefore, it’s essential to understand the context in which to use them and to use them intentionally, rather than mindlessly relying on filler words.

Developing a strategic approach to using Temporal Fillers can be achieved through self-awareness, practice, and working with a speech-language pathologist (SLP) or stuttering coach. By mastering the Temporal Filler Technique, individuals can enhance their communication skills, build confidence, and better manage their stuttering.

The Temporal Filler Technique is a linguistic device used to avoid awkward silences or pauses in speech by inserting words, phrases, or expressions that serve as temporary placeholders for natural speech rhythms.

Also known as “time fills” or “pauses fillers,” these temporal fillers are used to buy time, create a pause, and give the speaker or writer time to collect their thoughts, choose words, or adjust their tone before continuing with the conversation or narrative.

The term “Temporal Filler” was first introduced by linguist John L. Wheeler in his 1967 book “Leigh Mercer’s Book of Phrases,” where he described these filler words and phrases as “words that are used to fill time gaps, often to make an impression or create a particular effect.”

Some common examples of temporal fillers include: “um,” “ah,” “you know,” “like,” “right,” “so,” “well,” and “muttering sounds” such as “hmm,” “uh-huh,” or “mm-hmm.”

Temporal fillers serve several purposes. Firstly, they help to alleviate awkwardness and silence that can occur when a speaker is pausing between sentences, phrases, or ideas. By filling this time gap with a filler word or phrase, the speaker can avoid an uncomfortable silence or pause.

Thirdly, temporal fillers can help speakers create a sense of rhythm and flow in their speech. By inserting these filler words or phrases at strategic points, speakers can create a more natural-sounding cadence that is easy to follow and understand.

Avoiding gaps in speech using the Temporal Filler Technique can also enhance the overall clarity and coherence of written text. By incorporating temporal fillers into one’s writing, authors can create a more engaging narrative flow, convey their ideas more effectively, and even add humor or personality to their writing style.

Interestingly, research has shown that listeners tend to be less critical of speakers who use temporal fillers in everyday conversation, as these fillers are often viewed as a natural part of speech production. In fact, studies have found that listeners perceive speakers with high filler rates as being more relatable and authentic than those who avoid fillers altogether.

However, excessive or overuse of temporal fillers can be detrimental to effective communication. When used too frequently or in situations where they are not needed, these fillers can create a perception of nervousness, lack of confidence, or even dishonesty. As such, it is essential to use temporal fillers judiciously and in moderation.

Furthermore, there are some cultural differences in the use of temporal fillers. For instance, some cultures tend to use fillers more frequently than others, while some may be more hesitant to use them at all. Understanding these variations can help writers and speakers tailor their language style to their intended audience or context.

By mastering the Temporal Filler Technique, individuals can enhance their communication skills, convey themselves more effectively, and create a more engaging narrative flow in both spoken and written contexts. Whether used sparingly or judiciously, these fillers have become an essential tool in the linguistic toolbox of effective communicators worldwide.

The **temporal filler** is a linguistic phenomenon where speakers use temporary words or phrases to fill gaps between sentences or ideas, creating a sense of rhythm and fluency in speech.

This technique allows speakers to navigate through complex conversations, transition between topics, and create pauses without disrupting the flow of conversation.

The temporal filler can be defined as any word or phrase that is used to **pause** the flow of conversation, typically to give the speaker time to think, collect their thoughts, or to signal a shift in the conversation’s direction.

Examples of temporal fillers include words and phrases like “you know,” “uh,” “ah,” “like,” and “so.”

The purpose of the temporal filler is not only to provide a brief pause but also to facilitate communication by serving as a **linguistic bridge** between ideas, thoughts, or sentences.

By using temporal fillers, speakers can manage their **verbal hesitation**, which is often associated with anxiety, nervousness, or uncertainty in public speaking, social interactions, and everyday conversations.

The use of temporal fillers can also indicate a speaker’s level of **cognitive load**, which refers to the mental effort required to process information, understand context, and generate responses.

For instance, when a speaker is about to transition to a new idea or topic, they may use a temporal filler like “so” or “anyway” to signal this change in direction and create a smooth flow of conversation.

In some cases, the temporal filler can be used to convey **emotional states** such as hesitation, uncertainty, or nervousness, which can provide insight into the speaker’s mental state and emotional well-being.

The study of temporal fillers has implications for fields like linguistics, psychology, and communication studies, as it offers a valuable tool for analyzing language use in social interactions, public speaking, and everyday conversation.

Furthermore, understanding the temporal filler technique can help individuals develop more effective communication strategies, such as managing their verbal hesitation, using filler words strategically, and creating a smoother flow of conversation.

In conclusion, the **temporal filler** is an essential aspect of language use in English, serving as a linguistic bridge between ideas, thoughts, and sentences to facilitate communication, manage cognitive load, and convey emotional states.

The Temporal Filler Technique refers to the use of linguistic devices that serve as pauses or intervals within a conversation, allowing individuals to reassess and refocus their communication. According to researchers at Carnegie Mellon University, temporal fillers play a crucial role in facilitating smooth interaction between speakers.

These fillers are used by individuals to create brief periods of silence or hesitation between utterances, enabling them to recapture their thoughts, re-evaluate their message, or transition to the next topic. By incorporating temporal fillers into their speech patterns, communicators can better manage the flow of conversation and avoid awkward silences.

The purpose of temporal fillers is multifaceted. Firstly, they help to regulate the pace of communication, allowing speakers to maintain a steady rhythm and prevent the conversation from becoming too rushed or disjointed. Secondly, these fillers provide an opportunity for speakers to reassess their message, clarify any misunderstandings, or pivot to a different topic. Finally, temporal fillers can serve as social cues, signaling to listeners that the speaker is reflecting on their words and considering the implications of what they are about to say.

Temporal fillers typically take the form of small linguistic units, such as “um,” “ah,” or “you know.” These fillers are often used unconsciously, serving as automatic reflexes to create temporary pauses in speech. However, when speakers are aware of their use of temporal fillers, they can employ them more intentionally, using them to modulate the tone and pace of their communication.

Research has shown that temporal fillers are not only a natural aspect of human communication but also exhibit cultural variation. For example, some studies have found that speakers from certain regions or cultures tend to use more temporal fillers than others, suggesting that these linguistic devices can be culturally relative.

In addition to their functional significance in facilitating conversation flow, temporal fillers have also been investigated for their role in revealing social and psychological information about the speaker. For instance, research has found that speakers who use more temporal fillers may be perceived as more polite or courteous by listeners, while excessive use of fillers can signal anxiety or nervousness.

Furthermore, temporal fillers have implications for language teaching and learning. By recognizing the importance of temporal fillers in human communication, language instructors can design teaching methods that emphasize the role of pause and hesitation in speech production. This can help learners develop more effective communication skills, including the ability to use temporal fillers strategically and adaptively.

In conclusion, the Temporal Filler Technique is a complex phenomenon that plays a crucial role in facilitating smooth interaction between speakers. By understanding the function, variation, and social significance of temporal fillers, researchers can gain insights into the intricate mechanisms of human communication, shedding light on the subtleties of language use in everyday conversation.

Functions of Temporal Fillers

The concept of *_temporal fillers_* plays a vital role in social interaction and communication in language English. These verbal elements serve as “fillers” to bridge the gaps between thoughts, ideas, or sentences, thereby facilitating smooth conversation flow.

In everyday speech, temporal fillers are often used to signal pauses, add emphasis, or transition between different topics. They provide a brief respite from the main message, allowing listeners to process and consolidate information before moving forward with the discussion.

Some common types of *_temporal fillers_* include *_ahs_*, *_ums_*, *_erms_*, *_you knows_*, and *_like_*. These verbal placeholders can be categorized into two main subtypes: pauses and transitions.

The *_pause-based_* temporal fillers are used to signal a brief delay in speech, allowing listeners to absorb the information being conveyed. These include *_ahs_*, *_uhhs_*, and *_erm*_. During these pauses, the speaker’s attention is directed towards an external stimulus, such as a visual cue or the environment.

On the other hand, *_transition-based_* temporal fillers are used to connect one idea or sentence to another. These include *_you know_*, *_like_*, and *_I mean_*. By using these transitional fillers, speakers can establish relationships between ideas, creating a more cohesive and logical discourse.

Temporal fillers also play a crucial role in social interaction by signaling the speaker’s intentions, attitudes, or emotions. For instance, an *_ah_* may indicate a pause to gather thoughts, while a *_erm_* might suggest that the speaker is hesitant to continue with a particular idea. These subtle cues can provide valuable insights into the speaker’s mental state and emotional tone.

Furthermore, temporal fillers can serve as *_emotive markers_*, influencing how listeners perceive and respond to the message being conveyed. A well-timed *_ah_* or *_oh_* might convey surprise or excitement, while a prolonged use of *_umms_* could suggest nervousness or uncertainty.

In addition to their emotive function, temporal fillers can also be used as *_social lubricants_*, smoothing over potential awkwardness or discomfort in social interactions. By using fillers judiciously, speakers can create a more relaxed atmosphere and facilitate more effective communication with their listeners.

It is worth noting that temporal fillers are not limited to English language users. Verbal placeholders similar to *_temporal fillers_* are used across languages to facilitate conversation flow and social interaction.

In conclusion, the functions of *_temporal fillers_* in language English extend beyond mere linguistic nicety. These verbal elements play a vital role in shaping the dynamics of social interaction, influencing how messages are conveyed, and providing insight into speakers’ mental states and emotional tones. By understanding the roles and significance of temporal fillers, we can better appreciate the complexities of human communication.

The temporal filler technique refers to a linguistic strategy used in language production, where speakers or writers use certain words or phrases to indicate a temporary pause in their message, allowing listeners or readers to process and understand the content before proceeding.

Temporal fillers, also known as interjections or pause markers, serve several essential functions in facilitating effective communication. Firstly, they help to signal to the audience that a speaker is about to provide important information or make an essential point, allowing listeners to prepare themselves for what is coming next.

Secondly, temporal fillers enable speakers to manage the timing and pacing of their message, creating a natural flow between ideas or segments. By introducing a filler word or phrase, a speaker can create a brief pause before transitioning to the next topic, ensuring that listeners remain engaged and attentive throughout the conversation or presentation.

Marking transitions is another critical function of temporal fillers. These words or phrases help speakers to link one idea to another, signaling a shift in meaning, tone, or emphasis. For example, using phrases like “meanwhile,” “in addition,” or “furthermore” can signal a transition from one idea to another, making it clear to the audience how these concepts are related.

Reassessing ideas is also an important function of temporal fillers. In situations where a speaker realizes they need to modify or clarify their previous statement, they may use a filler word or phrase to indicate this change in direction. This allows them to reframe their idea, provide additional information, or correct any misunderstandings that may have arisen.

Temporal fillers can also serve as a way for speakers to engage with their audience and create a sense of rapport. By using these words or phrases, a speaker can signal empathy, acknowledgement, or even a hint of self-awareness, helping to build trust and establish a connection with the listener.

Furthermore, temporal fillers can provide insight into a speaker’s cognitive processes. The choice of filler word or phrase may reveal their level of nervousness, fluency, or even linguistic competence. For example, frequent use of hesitation markers like “um” or “ah” may indicate a speaker who is struggling with language production, while the selective use of more formal transition words may suggest someone with greater linguistic expertise.

Lastly, temporal fillers can be used to create a sense of intimacy and informality in communication. In casual conversations, speakers may rely heavily on filler words like “you know” or “like,” which can contribute to a relaxed atmosphere and encourage listeners to feel more at ease.

In conclusion, the temporal filler technique plays a vital role in effective language production, serving multiple functions that underpin successful communication. By understanding the different types of temporal fillers, their functions, and how they are used in context, we can gain insight into the linguistic strategies employed by speakers and writers to convey meaning and create a connection with their audience.

Temporal fillers are brief expressions that are used to facilitate communication by signaling transitions between ideas, clarifying the speaker’s intention, and seeking clarification from listeners.

In linguistics, temporal fillers are also known as temporal padding or sentence padding, and they serve several important functions in social interactions.

1. They signal a transition between two main clauses, phrases, or ideas: Temporal fillers help to connect one idea to another by indicating a pause or a separation between them. For example, “I was going to the store…” and “…and I got milk” is connected by the temporal filler “and”.
2. They clarify the speaker’s intention or goal: Temporal fillers can be used to highlight what the speaker wants to communicate or achieve. For instance, “I’m looking for a new job…” followed by “because I’m getting tired of this one” uses the temporal filler “because” to explain the reason behind the speaker’s statement.
3. They seek clarification from listeners: Temporal fillers can be used to elicit feedback or confirmation from others. For example, “Do you think it will rain tomorrow?” is a question that uses the temporal filler “do you think” to gather information from the listener.

According to Erving Goffman’s work (1978), temporal fillers are a type of social cue that helps to create a sense of coherence and organization in conversations. They serve as bridges between ideas, allowing speakers to smoothly transition between different topics or statements.

The use of temporal fillers is common in many languages, including English, and they come in various forms such as “um”, “ah”, “you know”, “I mean”, and “so”.

In addition to their functional roles, temporal fillers can also be used as emotional or social signals. For instance, a speaker may use a pause or a hesitation (often accompanied by a filler like “um”) to convey uncertainty, self-consciousness, or nervousness.

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Understanding the functions of temporal fillers is important in language teaching and learning, as well as in linguistic analysis and research. They provide valuable insights into the complex dynamics of human communication and the ways in which speakers use language to negotiate meaning and interaction with others.

In conclusion, temporal fillers are a crucial component of verbal and nonverbal communication, serving as social cues that facilitate transitions between ideas, clarify intentions, and seek clarification from listeners. Their study has significant implications for our understanding of human communication and its complexities.

The temporal filler technique is a linguistic phenomenon where individuals insert words or phrases into their speech, often unconsciously, to fill pauses and create a sense of fluency in their communication. These fillers can be verbal or non-verbal, but in this context, we will focus on verbal temporal fillers.

Verbal temporal fillers are words or phrases that individuals use to pause momentarily before continuing with their speech. They can provide a sense of comfort and familiarity, making it easier for the speaker to navigate conversations and express themselves effectively. However, research suggests that these fillers can also have unintended consequences on how listeners perceive speakers’ expertise.

Studies have shown that verbal temporal fillers are more commonly used in informal conversations than formal ones. This is because, in casual settings, individuals tend to feel more relaxed and may be less concerned with maintaining a professional tone or image (Tannen, 1994). As a result, they may use fillers more frequently, which can affect the perception of their expertise.

For example, researchers found that when speakers used temporal fillers in formal conversations, listeners perceived them as less confident and knowledgeable than those who did not use these fillers. This is likely because fillers can create a sense of hesitation or uncertainty, leading listeners to question the speaker’s authority on the topic.

On the other hand, in informal settings, verbal temporal fillers can actually increase speakers’ perceived expertise by creating a sense of familiarity and rapport with their audience. For instance, using phrases like “um” or “ah” can make listeners feel more comfortable around the speaker, which can contribute to a positive perception of their knowledge and skills.

It is essential to note that not all verbal temporal fillers are created equal. Some research suggests that certain types of fillers, such as “uh” or “ah,” may be perceived as more or less credible than others (e.g., “excuse me” or “if you don’t mind”). For example, researchers have found that listeners tend to view “uh” as a less credible filler than “excuse me,” possibly because “uh” is often used in casual speech.

Understanding the functions of temporal fillers and how they can impact our perception of others’ expertise is crucial in various settings, including education, business, and politics. By being aware of our own use of verbal fillers and those around us, we can adapt our communication strategies to create a more positive and effective impression.

Here are some key points about the functions of temporal fillers:

1. Temporal fillers provide a sense of comfort and familiarity in conversations, making it easier for speakers to navigate communication.
2. In formal settings, verbal temporal fillers can create a perception of hesitation or uncertainty, leading listeners to question the speaker’s authority.
3. In informal settings, verbal temporal fillers can increase speakers’ perceived expertise by creating a sense of rapport with their audience.
4. Certain types of fillers, such as “uh” or “ah,” may be perceived as more or less credible than others.
5. Being aware of our own use of verbal fillers and those around us can help us adapt our communication strategies for a positive impact.

References:

1. Tannen, D. (1994). Talking the talk: A study of linguistic and conversational strategies in personal relationships. Wadsworth Publishing Company.

Types of Temporal Fillers

The temporal filler technique is a linguistic device used to convey cohesion and connect ideas in written or spoken language. Fillers are words or phrases that are used to buy time, signal pause, or indicate transition between sentences or ideas. There are several types of temporal fillers, each serving different functions in the English language.

• 1. **Pauses**: These are brief periods of silence or quietness within a sentence or conversation. Pauses can be used to give listeners time to process information or reflect on what is being said. Examples of pause fillers include “ah,” “hmm,” and “pauses” itself.
• 2. **Filler words**: These are words that replace pauses or add a brief pause in sentence construction. Filler words often signal the beginning of a sentence, indicate a hesitation, or provide time to gather thoughts before continuing to speak. Examples of filler words include “um,” “like,” “you know,” and “so.”
• 3. **Transition words and phrases**: These are used to connect ideas between sentences or paragraphs, indicating the relationship between them. Examples of transition words and phrases include “however,” “in addition,” “meanwhile,” “firstly,” and “on the other hand.”
• 4. **Vocative fillers**: These are names or terms of address used to draw attention to someone or something, often accompanied by a pause. Examples of vocative fillers include “excuse me,” “sorry to interrupt,” and “if I may ask.”

The varieties of fillers can be categorized based on their grammatical function in a sentence. Some examples include:

1. 1. **Auxiliary particles**: These are words that help modify verbs or verb phrases to indicate tense, aspect, mood, or voice. Examples of auxiliary particles include “will,” “would,” and “can.”
2. 2. **Prepositions**: Prepositions can be used as fillers in sentences to provide additional information about location, time, or other contextual details. Examples of preposition fillers include “at,” “on,” and “during.”
3. 3. **Conjunctions**: Conjunctions are used to connect words, phrases, clauses, or sentences together to form more complex structures. Examples of conjunction fillers include “and,” “but,” and “so.”
4. 4. **Articles**: Articles can be used as fillers in some contexts to provide additional information about a noun or phrase. Examples of article fillers include “the,” “a,” and “an.”

The functions of temporal fillers are diverse, serving both social and communicative purposes in the language. Some key functions include:

• 1. **Signaling hesitation**: Fillers can signal to listeners that a speaker is unsure or hesitant about what to say next.
• 2. **Providing pause**: Fillers provide a brief period of silence, giving listeners time to process information or reflect on the conversation.
• 3. **Conveying politeness**: Using filler words and phrases can signal that a speaker is polite, courteous, or respectful in their communication.
• 4. **Facilitating connection**: Transition words and phrases help establish connections between ideas, making it easier for listeners to understand the relationship between sentences or paragraphs.

In conclusion, temporal fillers play a significant role in language communication, serving various functions that contribute to cohesive and effective expression. Understanding the types and varieties of temporal fillers can provide valuable insights into the complexities of human communication.

The use of _filler words_ and phrases is a common phenomenon in human communication. Filler words are linguistic items that serve as a temporary placeholder to facilitate the flow of speech, while also helping to manage hesitation, anxiety, or awkwardness in social interactions.

Temporal fillers, also known as temporal adverbs, are a specific type of filler word that indicates the temporal relationship between actions, events, or states. These words provide essential context and clarity to the conversation by specifying when something happens or when it occurs relative to another action.

There are several types of temporal fillers, including:

• Anaphoric: Words like “just”, “already”, and “yet” indicate the completion of a previous action. For example: “I’ve already eaten lunch.”
• Adequacy fillers: Words such as “just now” or “right at this moment” emphasize the immediacy of an event.
• Time-distance fillers: Expressions like “a little while ago”, “recently”, or “not too long ago” provide a sense of temporal distance between actions.
• Uncertainty fillers: Words and phrases such as “I think” or “as far as I know” indicate hesitation or uncertainty about the timing of an event.

Filler phrases are extended versions of filler words, which can provide additional context or clarify the intended meaning. Examples of filler phrases include:

• Time phrases: Expressions such as “to be honest”, “if I’m being frank”, or “as I see it” provide an opportunity to rephrase or add nuance to a statement.
• Social filler words: Phrases like “so, um, you know” can serve as transitional markers between ideas or topics of conversation.
• Emotional filler words: Words and phrases such as “I mean”, “you see what I’m saying”, or “it’s just that…” can help manage emotional reactions or conflicts during a conversation.

The use of temporal fillers, filler words, and phrases is an integral part of human communication. By understanding the different types and functions of these linguistic items, individuals can better navigate social interactions, convey complex ideas, and build effective relationships with others.

This technique refers to the use of words or phrases that serve as a pause or hesitation before speaking in order to fill an interval between two meaningful units of language, such as turns at talk or phases in a conversation.

Temporal fillers are often used by speakers to manage their speech and facilitate communication, particularly when they need a moment to gather their thoughts, select the right words, or transition smoothly from one idea to another.

The types of temporal fillers can be categorized into two main groups: explicit and implicit.

Explicit temporal fillers are words or phrases that clearly indicate a speaker’s intention to pause and reflect before continuing. Examples include “um,” “ah,” “let me think about that,” and “hmm.”

In contrast, implicit temporal fillers are not explicitly stated but can be inferred from the context of the conversation. For instance, a speaker might use a filler word like “like” or “you know” to indicate hesitation without directly saying so.

Implicit temporal fillers often rely on prosodic cues, such as changes in pitch, volume, or pause duration, which can convey a speaker’s intention to hesitate or seek time to gather their thoughts.

Temporal fillers can serve several functions in language use. On the one hand, they help speakers to manage their speech and maintain fluency by providing a temporary respite from the demands of speaking.

On the other hand, temporal fillers can also have negative consequences on communication, such as making the speaker appear uncertain, hesitant, or lacking confidence in their message.

Researchers have investigated various aspects of temporal fillers, including their frequency and distribution across different languages and dialects, their relationship with other linguistic variables like turn-taking and conversation management, and their potential impact on pragmatic inference and discourse processing.

In some cases, excessive or frequent use of temporal fillers can become a habit for speakers, leading to difficulties in articulating ideas clearly and effectively communicating in everyday situations.

Furthermore, the types and frequencies of temporal fillers can vary across different cultures and social contexts. For instance, in some cultures, explicit filler words like “um” or “ah” may be considered impolite or overly casual, while in others they are viewed as neutral or even polite.

The study of temporal fillers provides valuable insights into the complex dynamics of language use and communication, highlighting the importance of considering both linguistic and social factors when analyzing speech and conversation data.

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Additionally, understanding the role and function of temporal fillers can inform strategies for improving communication, such as teaching speakers to manage their filler use more effectively or designing interventions that target excessive filler behaviors.

The temporal filler technique is a linguistic phenomenon where speakers use words or phrases to fill the gaps in their speech, particularly in situations where they are anxious or trying to establish a connection with their audience.

There are several types of temporal fillers that researchers have identified, including:

Filler Phrases: These are phrases that speakers use to fill the gap between sentences, such as “um,” “ah,” “you know,” or “I mean.”

Pauses with Purpose: These pauses are not random, but rather serve a specific function in the speech, such as to give the speaker time to gather their thoughts or to signal a transition between ideas.

Pseudogaps: These are filler words or phrases that speakers use when there is actually no pause needed, but they feel compelled to use them anyway. For example, saying “you know” after a complete sentence.

Transition Fillers: These fillers are used to signal a transition between ideas, such as “however,” “on the other hand,” or “in addition.”

Self-Conscious Fillers: These are filler words or phrases that speakers use when they are aware of their anxiety or discomfort and feel the need to compensate by using more filler words.

According to a study by researchers at Stanford University (Pike, 1967), filler words are more common in spontaneous speech and can signal speaker anxiety. The study found that speakers who were under pressure or felt self-conscious about their speech used more filler words than those who spoke freely.

The types of temporal fillers listed above can be used to convey different information about a speaker’s attitude, personality, and emotional state. For example, using more self-conscious fillers may indicate that the speaker is trying to hide their anxiety or nervousness.

Language-Specific Fillers: Researchers have also identified language-specific filler words that are common in English, such as “like,” “you know,” and “um.” These fillers are often used by speakers of English to fill the gap between sentences or to signal a transition between ideas.

The study of temporal fillers can provide valuable insights into the complex process of human communication and the factors that influence speaker behavior. By examining the types of temporal fillers used in different contexts, researchers can gain a deeper understanding of how speakers use language to negotiate social relationships, establish rapport, and convey information.

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